Specimen Tree Sizes Explained

Tree sizes can be confusing when you are comparing nursery listings. A specimen may be described by its height, trunk girth, clear stem, number of stems or root type. These measurements describe different things, so it helps to know what each one tells you before choosing a tree.

The right size depends on the tree’s purpose, the space available, site access and your budget. A larger tree gives more immediate presence, but it can also require more planning and establishment care.

Browse the specimen tree collection to see the trees and sizes currently available.

How are specimen trees measured?

The measurement used depends on the tree’s form. Standard trees are commonly sold by trunk girth. Multi-stem trees and some conifers are often sold by overall height. A product specification may also state clear stem height, crown dimensions, container size or rootball dimensions.

Check the individual product details before comparing two trees. A single measurement does not describe the whole tree.

What does tree girth mean?

Girth is the circumference around the trunk. For standard tree specifications, it is generally measured 1 metre above ground level. For example, a tree listed as 12–14cm girth has a trunk circumference within that range at the specified measuring point.

Girth is not the same as tree height, crown spread or age. Trees of the same girth can look different because species, growing conditions and pruning affect their form.

What do the girth bands mean?

The following are common nursery categories. They are a guide to trunk size, not a guaranteed height or age. Nursery descriptions can vary, so use the dimensions stated on the individual product.

Common descriptionTypical girthStandard8–10cmSelect standard10–12cmHeavy standard12–14cmExtra-heavy standard14–16cmAdvanced nursery stockOften 16–20cmSemi-matureOften 20cm and above

These categories and their associated heights can vary by species and specification. For example, published planting specifications give indicative height ranges for each category, but those ranges are not a substitute for checking the actual tree dimensions.

Understanding tree forms

Standard tree

A standard tree has a clear section of trunk beneath its crown. Its overall height and the height to the first branches are separate measurements.

Heavy and extra-heavy standard

These terms describe larger girth bands for standard trees. They indicate a thicker trunk, but do not by themselves tell you the tree’s eventual height, crown size or exact appearance.

Semi-mature tree

“Semi-mature” is used for larger specimens, often specified by girth. Confirm the product’s actual height, crown and rootball details, as the term alone does not provide those dimensions.

Clear stem height

Clear stem height is the distance from ground level to the lowest main branches. A tree with a high clear stem may allow views and movement beneath the crown, but may provide less screening at ground level.

Crown size

The crown is the tree’s branches and foliage. Its width, density and position affect the tree’s appearance and usefulness for shade or screening. Crown size is not determined by girth alone.

Multi-stem tree

A multi-stem tree has several main stems rising from the base. These trees are usually specified by overall height, number of stems and sometimes container size, rather than by a single trunk girth.

Feathered tree

A feathered tree has side branches along much of its main stem. This can provide foliage lower down than a clear-stem tree, which may make it more suitable for some screening uses.

Root types: rootballed, container-grown and bare-root

The root type describes how the tree is supplied. It is separate from its height or girth.

  • Rootballed: The roots are lifted with soil around them and wrapped or contained for transport.

  • Container-grown: The tree is grown in a container. Check the stated container size and whether the tree is established in it.

  • Bare-root: The tree is supplied without soil around its roots and is generally available during the dormant season.

Availability depends on the species, size and time of year. See the planting guide for more information about handling and planting.

Should I choose a larger tree?

A larger tree can create more immediate structure or screening. It may also need more careful transport, access planning, installation and aftercare. A smaller tree can be easier to handle and establish, and may be the better choice where access is restricted or the site is challenging. Larger trees generally need particularly careful establishment because their existing crown must be supported while the roots recover and grow into the surrounding soil.

Choose according to the job you need the tree to do, rather than simply choosing the largest size available.

Choosing a size for privacy

For screening, consider where the foliage will sit in relation to the sightline. A tall clear-stem tree may leave the lower view open, while a feathered or multi-stem tree may provide foliage lower down. If privacy is the main goal, compare trees in our screening guide.

Check access before ordering

A large tree’s rootball or container can be heavy and difficult to move. Before ordering, consider gates, paths, steps, overhead wires, narrow passages and the route from the delivery point to the planting position. Ask us to confirm the product’s dimensions and handling requirements if access is tight.

Planting and aftercare

Correct planting and continued watering help a tree establish. Planting depth, soil condition, drainage, support and watering all matter; the right approach depends on the tree and site. Read our planting guide and aftercare advice.

Frequently asked questions

Does a larger girth mean a taller tree?

Not necessarily. Girth measures trunk circumference; overall height and crown dimensions need to be checked separately.

Does “semi-mature” guarantee a particular size?

No. It is a broad description. Check the stated girth, height, crown and root specification for the individual tree.

Which size is best for my garden?

That depends on the species, available space, desired impact, access, budget and planting conditions. You can compare options in our tree collection, or contact us with your postcode and planting details.

Can you plant a specimen tree?

Professional supply and planting is available for suitable projects across North West England. Installation requirements depend on the tree size and site access.